What Are Primitive Reflexes? A Parent's Guide | Hopeful Neuron
Melillo Method Certified  ·  Mill Hill, London  ·  Remote Worldwide

What Are Primitive Reflexes, and Why Do They Matter?

The layer underneath meltdowns, focus, posture and sleep that most approaches never check.

Every baby is born with a set of automatic movement patterns. They're meant to fade in the first couple of years as the higher brain takes over. When they don't fully fade, they quietly get in the way of everything that comes after, focus, coordination, emotional regulation, sleep.

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Adi and Dana Latter, Melillo Method certified practitioners and primitive reflex specialists
Better handwriting·Sitting still without falling out of the chair·No more motion sickness on car journeys·Steadier eye contact·Fewer meltdowns out of nowhere·A calmer, more settled body·Remote support from anywhere· Better handwriting·Sitting still without falling out of the chair·No more motion sickness on car journeys·Steadier eye contact·Fewer meltdowns out of nowhere·A calmer, more settled body·Remote support from anywhere·
Adi and Dana Latter, founders of Hopeful Neuron

The layer nobody checked.

We're Adi and Dana. Before any of this became our work, it was our life. We sat through years of appointments where nobody mentioned primitive reflexes, even though they were shaping so much of what we were seeing at home. We trained as primitive reflex specialists because once we understood this layer, everything else made more sense.

We built Hopeful Neuron because we couldn't find what our own children needed anywhere else.

Does any of this sound like your child?

Retained primitive reflexes show up differently in every child, but these are some of the most common signs parents recognise once they know what to look for.

Messy handwriting or an awkward pencil grip that hasn't improved with practice.
Constant fidgeting, or falling out of the chair while seated.
Motion sickness on car journeys, or trouble with escalators and swings.
Toe walking, or an unusual gait that hasn't been explained.
W sitting, or poor posture that seems to take real effort to correct.
Meltdowns that seem to come from nowhere and pass just as fast.

A few of the reflexes we screen for.

There are dozens of primitive reflexes. These are a few of the most common ones we see still active in the children who come to us.

Moro Reflex

The infant startle reflex. When retained, it can show up as anxiety, sensory overwhelm and an exaggerated startle response to noise or light.

ATNR

The asymmetrical tonic neck reflex. Linked to handwriting difficulty, poor hand eye coordination, and trouble crossing the midline of the body.

STNR

The symmetrical tonic neck reflex. Often behind poor sitting posture, W sitting, and difficulty copying from a whiteboard.

Spinal Galant

Can contribute to fidgeting, bedwetting past the expected age, and discomfort with anything touching the lower back.

Where reflex work fits in the bigger picture.

Integrating reflexes is step two of the four we always follow, and it only works properly once step one is in place. Here's the full sequence.

1
Brainstem

Safety first. The nervous system has to come out of survival mode.

A dysregulated nervous system can't do the focused work reflex integration requires. This has to come first.

2
Cranial Nerves & Reflex Pathways

Switch off the reflexes that never finished developing.

Specific, repeatable movement exercises help the brain finish the developmental process it didn't complete the first time.

3
Cerebellum

Strengthen the bridge between body and brain.

Once reflexes are integrating, balance and coordination work builds on that new foundation.

4
Cortex

Now focus, communication and independence can actually land.

Not because your child tried harder, but because the foundation is finally there to support it.

200+

Families supported across London and internationally

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Every review from parents who felt heard

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Individual programmes, built around your child

During your free 15 minute call, you'll discover:

  • Which primitive reflexes we think may still be active in your child
  • How those reflexes connect to what you're seeing at home, focus, posture, sleep or emotional regulation
  • Whether our programme is the right fit, or if something else would serve your child better
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In their own words.

★★★★★

"Dana and Adi are a great team, incredibly knowledgeable and supportive. They always found a way to help our son and gave us the strength to do the same at home."

Faranak Barabhuiya
London
★★★★★

"After an intensive week with Dana and Adi, we saw improvement in our son's behaviour. He is calmer now, his focus has improved and his sleep has improved."

Niko & Sanja Apostoloski
London
★★★★★

"Very caring and truly have your best interests at heart. Check ins from Dana help keep you focused on working at home. Highly recommend."

Holly C.
UK

Things parents ask us about primitive reflexes.

What exactly is a primitive reflex? +
An automatic movement pattern babies are born with, controlled by the brainstem rather than a conscious choice. Reflexes like Moro, ATNR and STNR help a baby survive and develop in the first months, then are meant to fade as the higher brain takes over.
How do I know if my child has a retained reflex? +
Signs vary by which reflex is involved, but common patterns include poor handwriting, difficulty sitting still, motion sickness, toe walking, trouble with eye contact, W sitting, and meltdowns that seem to come from nowhere. A proper assessment is the only way to know for certain which reflexes are involved.
Can retained reflexes cause autism, ADHD or sensory issues? +
Retained reflexes don't cause a diagnosis, but they're commonly found alongside autism, ADHD and sensory processing differences, and they can intensify the traits associated with each. Integrating them often eases symptoms even though the underlying diagnosis stays the same.
How are retained reflexes integrated? +
Through specific, repeatable movement exercises that mimic the developmental sequence a baby would normally move through. Done consistently, these exercises help the brain finish the process it didn't complete the first time.
Is it too late if my child is older? +
No. We work with children from 18 months to 18 years. The nervous system stays adaptable across that whole range, and older children often move through the exercises faster because they can engage with them directly.
Do I need to come to Mill Hill to have this assessed? +
No. We assess reflexes in person at our Mill Hill clinic and remotely worldwide through the Remote Programme and Full Picture Plan, with the same level of detail either way.

Book a free 15 minute call with Adi & Dana.

No waiting list, no diagnosis needed, and no pressure to commit to anything. Just a straight conversation with two people who've been where you are.